Having been elevated to the position of Prince Bishop of

Who Was Nicolaus Copernicus

Who Was Nicolaus Copernicus?

When it comes to understanding our place in the universe, few scientists have had more of an impact than Nicolaus Copernicus. The creator of the Copernican Model of the universe canada goose outlet trillium parka black (aka. heliocentrism), his discovery that the Earth and other planets revolved the Sun triggered an intellectual revolution that would canada goose jacket uk have far reaching consequences.

http://www.canadagoosesalesus.com canada goose coats on sale In addition to playing a major part in the Scientific Revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries, his ideas changed the way people looked at the heavens, canada goose outlet germany the planets, and would have a profound influence over men like Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton and many others. In short, the “Copernican Revolution” helped to usher in the era of modern science. canada goose coats on sale

Copernicus’ Early Life:

Canada Goose Outlet Copernicus was born on February 19th, 1473 in the city of Torun (Thorn) in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The youngest canada goose outlet website legit of four children to a well to do merchant family, Copernicus and his siblings were raised in the Catholic faith and had many strong ties to the Church. Canada Goose Outlet

cheap Canada Goose His older brother Andreas would go on to become an Augustinian canon, while his sister, Barbara, became a Benedictine nun and (in her final years) the prioress of a convent. Only his sister Katharina ever married and had children, which Copernicus looked after until the day he died. Copernicus himself never married or had any children of his own. cheap Canada Goose

canada goose outlet canada goose uk black friday Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Torun (Thorn), 1580. Given that it was the language of academia in his time, as well as the Catholic Church and the Polish royal court, Copernicus also became fluent in Latin, which the majority of his surviving works are written in. canada goose uk black friday

canada goose uk shop In 1483, Copernicus’ father (whom he was named after) died, whereupon his canada goose outlet in vancouver maternal uncle, Lucas Watzenrode the Younger, began to oversee his education and career. Given the connections he maintained with Poland’s leading intellectual figures, Watzenrode would ensure that Copernicus had great deal of exposure to some of the intellectual figures of his time. canada goose uk shop

canada goose clearance Although little information on canada goose outlet store quebec his early childhood is available, Copernicus’ biographers believe that his uncle sent him to St. canada goose outlet online uk John’ School in Torun, where he himself had been a master. Later, it is believed that he attended the Cathedral School at canada goose outlet niagara falls Wloclawek (located 60 km south east Torun on the Vistula River), which prepared pupils for entrance to the University of Krakow Watzenrode’s own Alma mater. canada goose clearance

canada goose In 1491, Copernicus began his studies in the Department of Arts at the University of Krakow. However, he quickly became fascinated by astronomy, thanks to his exposure to many contemporary philosophers who taught or were associated with the Krakow School of Mathematics canada goose outlet store calgary and Astrology, which was in its heyday at the time. canada goose

A comparison of the geocentric and heliocentric models of the universe. It was while at Krakow that Copernicus began collecting a large library on astronomy, and where he began his analysis of the logical contradictions in the two most popular systems of astronomy.

canada goose factory sale These models Aristotle’s theory of homocentric spheres, and Ptolemy’s mechanism of eccentrics and epicycles were both geocentric in nature. Consistent with classical astronomy and physics, they espoused that the Earth was at the center of the universe, and that the Sun, the Moon, the other planets, and the stars all revolved around it. canada goose factory sale

canada goose clearance sale Before earning a degree, canada goose outlet michigan Copernicus left Krakow (ca. 1495) to travel to the court of his uncle Watzenrode in Warmia, a province in northern Poland. Having been elevated to the position of Prince Bishop of Warmia in 1489, his uncle sought to place Copernicus in the Warmia canonry. However, Copernicus’ installation was delayed, which prompted his uncle to send him and his brother to study in Italy to further their ecclesiastic careers. canada goose clearance sale

canada goose uk outlet In 1497, Copernicus arrived in Bologna and began studying at the Bologna University of Jurists’. While there, he studied canon law, but devoted himself primarily to the study of the humanities and astronomy. It was also while at Bologna that he met the famous astronomer Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara and became his disciple and assistant. canada goose uk outlet

buy canada goose jacket An illustration of the Ptolemaic geocentric system by Portuguese cosmographer and cartographer Bartolomeu Velho, 1568. retrograde motion, equants, deferents and epicycles), and the fact that Mars and Jupiter appeared to be canada goose clothing uk larger in the night sky at certain times than at others. Pythagoras, Cicero, Pliny the Elder, Plutarch, Heraclides and Plato) as well as the fragments of historic information the university had on ancient astronomical, cosmological and calendar systems which included other (predominantly Greek and Arab) heliocentric theories. buy canada goose jacket

In 1501, Copernicus moved to Padua, ostensibly to study medicine as part of his ecclesiastical career. Just as he had done at Bologna, Copernicus carried out his canada goose outlet ottawa appointed studies, but remained committed to his own astronomical research. Between 1501 and 1503, he continued to study ancient Greek texts; and it is believed that it was at this time that his ideas for a new system of astronomy whereby the Earth itself moved finally crystallized.

The Copernican Model (aka. Heliocentrism):

uk canada goose In 1503, having finally earned his doctorate in canon law, Copernicus returned to Warmia where he would spend the remaining 40 years of his life. By 1514, he began making his uk canada goose

These seven principles stated that: Celestial bodies do not all revolve around a single point; the canada goose jacket outlet uk center of canada goose outlet vancouver Earth is the center of the lunar sphere the orbit of the moon around Earth; all the spheres rotate around the Sun, which is near the center of the Universe; the distance between Earth and the Sun is canada goose uk an insignificant fraction of the distance from Earth and Sun to the stars, so parallax is not observed in the stars; the stars are immovable their apparent canada goose parka outlet daily motion is caused by the daily rotation of Earth; Earth is moved in a sphere around the canada goose outlet official Sun, causing the apparent annual migration of the Sun; Earth has more than one motion; and Earth’s orbital motion around the Sun causes the seeming reverse in direction of the motions of the planets.

canada goose store Andreas Cellarius’s illustration of the Copernican system, from the Harmonia Macrocosmica (1708). Credit: Public DomainThereafter canada goose outlet orlando he continued gathering data for a more detailed work, and by 1532, he had come close to completing the manuscript of his magnum opus De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres). In it, he advanced his seven major arguments, but in more detailed form and with detailed computations to back them up. canada goose store

uk canada goose outlet However, due to fears canada goose outlet online store review that the publication of his theories would lead to condemnation from the church (as well as, perhaps, worries that his theory presented some scientific flaws) he withheld his research until a year before he died. On May 24th, 1543, he died at the age of 70 and was reportedly buried in the Frombork canada goose outlet near me Cathedral in Frombork, Poland. It is said that on the day of his death, May 24th 1543 at the age of 70, he was presented with an advance copy of his book, which he smiled upon before passing away. uk canada goose outlet

In 2005, an archaeological team conducted a scan of the floor of Frombork Cathedral, declaring that they had found Copernicus’ remains. Afterwards, a forensic expert from the Polish Police Central Forensic Laboratory used the unearthed skull to reconstruct a face that closely resembled canada goose parka outlet uk Copernicus’ features. The expert also determined that the skull belonged to a man who had died around age 70 Copernicus’ age at the time of his death.

canada goose black friday sale These findings were backed up in 2008 when a comparative DNA analysis was made from both the remains canada goose outlet reviews and two hairs found in a book Copernicus was known to have owned (Calendarium Romanum Magnum, by Johannes Stoeffler). The DNA results were a match, proving that Copernicus’ body had indeed been found. canada goose black friday sale

cheap canada goose uk Copernicus’ 2010 grave in Frombork Cathedral, acknowledging him as a church canon and the father of heliocentricism. Credit: Wikipedia/Holger WeinandtOn May 22nd, 2010, Copernicus was given a second funeral in a Mass led by Jzef Kowalczyk, the former papal nuncio to Poland and newly named Primate of Poland. Copernicus’ remains were reburied in the same spot in Frombork Cathedral, and a black granite tombstone (shown above) now identifies him as the canada goose outlet 80 off founder of the heliocentric theory and also a church canon. The tombstone bears a representation of Copernicus’ model of the solar system a golden sun encircled by six of the planets. Over time, canada goose outlet 2015 many religious scholars tried to argue against his model, using a combination of Biblical canon, Aristotelian philosophy, Ptolemaic astronomy, and then accepted notions of physics to discredit the idea that the Earth itself would be capable of motion. cheap canada goose uk

Canada Goose Parka However, within a few generation’s time, Copernicus’ theory canada goose stockists uk became more widespread and accepted, and gained many influential defenders canada goose sale uk in the meantime. These included Galileo Galilei (1564 1642), who’s investigations of the heavens using the telescope allowed him to resolve what were seen at the time as flaws in the heliocentric model Canada Goose Parka.